Assessing socioeconomic patterns of e-cigarette use in two Nigerian cities

The growing use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENNDS), collectively known as e-cigarettes, presents emerging challenges for tobacco control and public health in Nigeria. This study examined awareness, usage patterns, motivations, and perceptions of e-cigarettes among different socioeconomic groups in Lagos and Abuja. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a survey of 120 participants with qualitative interviews with relevant experts. Quantitative data were analysed to examine patterns across demographic characteristics, while thematic analysis explored participants’ experiences, motivations, and perceptions.

The findings show high awareness of e-cigarettes among urban respondents, with social media and peer networks identified as major sources of information. Educational attainment was associated with differences in awareness and usage, while males, particularly older respondents, reported higher levels of use. Usage patterns differed between the two cities, with Lagos respondents more likely to use advanced and refillable devices, while disposable products were more common in Abuja. Knowledge of nicotine content was limited among some respondents, particularly in Abuja. Curiosity, enjoyment, and smoking cessation were key motivations for use.

The study highlights the need for strengthened public health and regulatory measures, including clearer product labelling, consumer education, monitoring of e-cigarette use, and evidence-based communication through social media. These measures can help address emerging public health challenges associated with e-cigarette use in Nigeria.